Subspecies
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A number of "forms" and "aberrations" have been described, but they are all placed in synonymy (Speidel and Behounek 2015). No subspecies are recognized.
The taxon jocosa is currently placed in synonymy (see below). However, Speidel and Behounek (2015)
note that this phenotype is especially common in animals from the
mediterranean area. Thus, I think it is possible that the taxon jocosa
is in fact a valid taxon, characterized by the significant extension of
the yellow area in the hindwings. Since there do not seem to be any
further differences in morphology between tenebrata and jocosa, the
jocosa taxon might be considered as a valid subspecies of tenebrata, but
not a separate species.
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Synonyms
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Phalaena tenebrata Scopoli, 1763
Noctua tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763)
Heliaca tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763)
Panemeria tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763)
Panhemeria tenebrata (Scopoli, 1763)
Noctua arbuti Fabricius, 1775
Phalaena arbuti (Fabricius, 1775)
Heliodes arbuti (Fabricius, 1775)
Heliaca arbuti (Fabricius, 1775)
Noctua heliaca Denis et Schiffermueller, 1775
Gymnopa heliaca (Denis et Schiffermueller, 1775)
Phalaena franciscana De Fourcroy, 1785
Phalaena lunulana Scopoli, 1786
Phalaena policula Lang, 1789
Noctua policula Lang, 1789
Phalaena fasciola Esper, 1791
Noctua fasciola Esper, 1791
Anarta jocosa Zeller, 1847
Panemeria jocosa (Zeller, 1847)
Heliodes arbutoides Bellier de la Chavignerie, 1860 (p. 694)
Heliaca tenebrata subtristis Schultz, 1905 (infrasubspecific name)
Panhemeria tenebrata obscura Spuler (in Hofmann), 1907 (infrasubspecific name)
Heliaca tenebrata satiata Dannehl, 1933 (infrasubspecific name)
Heliaca tenebrata flavescens Dannehl, 1933 (infrasubspecific name)
Panemeria tenebrata nigrescens Cockayne, 1944 (infrasubspecific name)
Panemeria tenebrata tenuivittata Lempke, 1966 (infrasubspecific name)
Panemeria tenebrata pallida Lempke, 1966 (infrasubspecific name)
Panemeria tenebrata nigrescens Lempke, 1966 (infrasubspecific name)
Note: the status of the taxon jocosa is debated. I follow here the revision by Speidel and Behounek (2015)
who suggest that the extended yellow area on the hindwings that is
typical for the taxon jocosa is within normal individual variation of
the species, and therefore place the taxon in synonymy.
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Identification
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No information has been entered yet.
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Distribution
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No information has been entered yet.
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Biology
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No information has been entered yet.
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