Fische der Tiefsee

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Fische der Tiefsee

Die meisten der folgenden Fische werden auf unserem Poster abgebildet. Sie wurden alle 1898-1899 von der Expedition des Forschungsschiffs Valdivia gefangen und in den Forschungsberichten 1906 von Brauer abgebildet.

Die Informationen sind grösstenteils aus der FishBase-Datei übernommen (www.fishbase.de), aber auch von anderen Quellen, unter anderen auch aus Brauer (1906).

Allen Tiefseefischen ist gemeinsam, dass wir nur sehr wenig über sie wissen. Tiefseefische haben in der Regel keine deutschen Namen. Kaum ein Mensch hat sie jemals zu Gesicht bekommen. Manchmal sind die Informationen über diese Fische so spärlich, dass selbst wir im Zoologischen Institut der Uni Göttingen ausser dem Namen keine zuverlässigen Informationen gefunden haben.

Wenn wir ein Poster machen, so legen wir zunächst eine Datei an mit den Informationen, die wir, meist aus dem Internet, zusammentragen. Danach entscheiden wir, welche der Bilder und Informationen auf das Poster kommen. Die Informationen, die wir hier auf unseren Internet-Seiten wiedergeben, sind aus dieser Datei rüberkopiert (und entsprechend ungeordnet, und viel Englsich dazwischen). Es hat uns Arbeit gemacht, diese Informationen zusammenzutragen, und wenn sich jemand mal für das ein oder andere Tier interessiert, so mag er oder sie dankbar sein, dieselbe Arbeit nicht nochmal leisten zu müssen. Und hin und wieder bestellt jemand auch mal unser Poster, sodass sich unsere Arbeit auch für uns finanziell ein wenig lohnt.

Die Fische sind nach der Tiefe sortiert, in der sie leben.

Argyropelecus affinis

Pacific hatchet fish

170 - 3872 m

Worldwide, mainly at 300-650 m

45°N - 45°S

Max. size: 8.4 cm SL

Astronesthes cyaneus

120 - 800 m

Indo-West Pacific: Papua New Guinea and Indonesia

Max. size: 10.8 cm SL

20°N - 20°S

Melanostomias melanops

Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and northern Atlantic between 35°N-8°N (not occurring in the southern Sargasso Sea); southwestern Atlantic between 10°S and 30°S. Also Indian and Pacific oceans.

Max. size: 25.7 cm SL

depth range - 950 m

36°NC

Paradiplospinus gracilis

Slender escolar

Southeast Atlantic: known only from off Namibia and western South Africa.

Max. size: 52.0 cm SL

368 - 626 m

17°S - 31°S

Neoscopelus macrolepidotus

Large-scaled lantern fish

Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Western Sahara; reported from Namibia. Western Atlantic: off Suriname and Nicaragua, and off southern Brazil. Indian Ocean: off Natal, South Africa and in the Great Australian Bight in the eastern side. Western Pacific: Australia. Eastern Pacific: British Columbia, Canada and the Hawaiian Is.

Max. size: 25.0 cm SL

300 - 800 m

55°N - 35°S

Found over continental and island slopes. No evidence of vertical migrations.

Opisthoproctus soleatus

Barrel-eye

Eastern Atlantic: western Ireland to Mauritania and from Sierra Leone to Angola. Also Indian and Pacific Oceans.Probably not exhibiting vertical migration. The limits of its distribution coincide with the 400 m-isotherm for 8°C

Max. size: 10.5 cm SL

300 - 800 m

51°NC

Scopelarchus analis

Short fin pearleye

Circumglobal in warm waters.

Adults have usually been taken in hauls to depths in excess of 500 m although they have also been captured at night in several hauls between 275 to 0 m. Larvae have been captured in hauls restricted to the upper 100 m and have been captured year-round throughout its range. Oviparous, with planktonic larvae. Synchronous hermaphrodites. Adults prey on other midwater fishes.

Max. size: 12.6 cm SL

deep-water

Coloconger raniceps

Froghead eel

Indo-West Pacific: East Africa ad Madagascar to the western Pacific, north to southern Japan.

Max. size: 50.0 cm TL

300 - 1134 m

Gonostoma elongatum

Elongated bristlemouth fish

Worldwide

Occur between 100-200 m and 500-800 m during the day and 25-600 m and 1250-1500 m at night. Feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Photophores develop in fishes over 6-22 mm SL. Protandric hermaphrodite, oviparous with planktonic eggs and larvae.

Max. size: 27.5 cm TL

25 - 3385 m

65°NC

Rouleina livida

Tropischer westlicher Indopazifik

700-1200 m

Bathophilus ater

Süd-Atlantik, Süd-Pazifik

Max. size: 15.0 cm SL

23°S - 45°S

deep-water

Nemichthys scolopaceus

Slender snipe eel

Worldwide in tropical and temperate seas

Max. size: 100.0 cm TL

91 - 2000 m

55°N - 42°S

Occur in midwater, usually below 400 m and occasionally in shallow water in the northern part of its range. Feed on crustaceans while swimming with its mouth open. Oviparous, with planktonic leptocephali. Degenerative changes in males and females suggest semelparity.

Cryptopsaras couesii

Triplewart seadevil

Tropical and subtropical parts of all oceans

Max. size: 7.3 cm TL, 44.0 cm TL (female)

0 - 2091 m

Males dwarfed, becoming parasitic on females. Maximum size of free-living males is 1.05 cm.

Melanocetus johnsoni

Humpback anglerfish

Tropical to temperate parts of all oceans

Max. size: 2.9 cm TL; 18.0 cm TL (female)

0 - 2091 m

Males dwarfed and non-parasitic. Caught with plankton nets. Larvae are found primarily in upper 100 m. Oviparous, with planktonic larvae. Eggs are presumably contained in floating gelatinous rafts.

Scopeloberyx robustus

Longjaw bigscale

All oceans except the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

Max. size: 7.3 cm SL

340 - 1200 m

Talismania longifilis

Ost-Atlantik, Indo-West-Pazifik

750 - 1550 m

23°NC

Max. size: 46.3 cm SL

Gigantura chuni

Gigantura

Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: mainly in tropical areas.

Max. size: 15.6 cm SL

deep-water

Serrivomer sector

Sawtooth eel

Western Pacific: Japan. Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Chile

Feeds primarily on crustaceans, and to a lesser extent upon small cephalopods and fishes.

Max. size: 76.0 cm TL

300 - 1800 m

Malacosteus niger

Stoplight loosejaw

Atlantic Ocean: between 66°N and 16°S, Indian Ocean: between 8°N and 32°S and in the Gulf of Aden and the eastern part of Bay of Bengal. Pacific Ocean: South China Sea and Indo-Australian Archipelago; also New Zealand, in the Pacific between 10°N-15°S, near the Hawaiian Is., off California at 33°N and along the coast of South America to 34°S; reported from British Columbia, Canada

Max. size: 21.6 cm SL

0 - 2500 m

66°N - 34°S

Stomias longibarbatus

Eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Dem. Rep. Congo; Namibia to South Africa. Western Atlantic: USA to Gulf of Mexico; Brazil to Argentina. Western Pacific: Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Southeast Pacific: Chile. Indian Ocean.

Inhabits deep oceanic waters to more than 1,000 m depth

Max. size: 42.0 cm SL

deep-water

41°N - 40°S

Cyclothone microdon

Veiled anglemouth

Circumglobal

Max. size: 7.6 cm TL

200 - 2700 m

67°N - 45°S

fisheries: of no interest

Doest not exhibit diel vertical migrations. Feeds mainly on copepods. Protandrous, sex reversal observed in the eastern North Atlantic. Sex reversal at 22-24 mm SL.

Winteria telescopa

Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea. Western Pacific: Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Tropical Indian Ocean.

Max. size: 15.0 cm SL

400 - 2500 m

Anoplogaster cornuta

Common fangtooth

Worldwide in temperate and warm waters

Adults occur mainly between 500 and 2,000 m

Form schools, swim in small groups or solitary. Carnivorous.

Max. size: 15.2 cm SL

50 - 4900 m

65°N - 46°S

Idiacanthus fasciola

Ribbon saw-tail fish

North Atlantic: north of 10°N. South Atlantic: southern tip of Africa. Also recorded from the Patagonian region of Argentina. Indo-Pacific: across the Indian Ocean north of about 23°S to west and central Pacific between 27°N and 23°S.

Max. size: 48.9 cm SL

Females undergo diel vertical migrations

40°N - 54°S

Mesopelagic in depths exceeding 500 m

Stomias affinis

Günther's boafish

Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola. Also across the Atlantic between 0 and 20°N, extending to 35°N and 39°S in the western part (USA to Argentina). Also, Indian and Pacific oceans.

Some individuals may migrate to the surface at night.

Max. size: 21.9 cm SL

0 - 3182 m

35°NC

Scopelogadus mizolepis

Indian and Atlantic: in tropical waters to 20-30°S. Western Pacific: Japan to Australia and New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: Chile.

Max. size: 9.4 cm SL

- 3385 m

40°N - 30°S

Bigscale

Coccorella atrata

Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal, Solomon Sea, New Zealand. Southeast Pacific: Chile.

deep-water

Cyclothone obscura

Circumtropical: Eastern and Western Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Max. size: 6.6 cm SL

900 - 3000 m

No apparent vertical migration has been observed.

Bathypterois atricolor

Attenuated Spider Fish

250-5150 m

Max. size: 20.4 cm SL

Circumglobal, excluding the western Atlantic

32°N - 22°S

Eurypharynx pelecanoides

Pelican eel

Pelikanaal

All temperate and tropical seas. Feed mainly on crustaceans, but also take fishes, cephalopods, and other invertebrates. Degenerative changes in males and females suggest semelparity.

Max. size: 100.0 cm TL

500 - 7500 m

harmless

Cyclothone acclinidens

Benttooth bristlemouth

Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: in tropical and subtropical waters. Southern Ocean: a single specimen recorded near Bouvet Island (56°30'S, 14°29'E).

3.6 cm SL; 6.5 cm SL (female)

50 - 1900 m

65°N - 57°S

Usually vertically oriented during the day. Nocturnal feeder on copepods.

Cyclothone livida

Eastern Atlantic: scattered records from the northern record of 60°N, 20°W to Angola.

Does not exhibit vertical migrations.

Max. size: 3.6 cm SL; 5.0 cm SL (female)

300 - 2000 m

60°NC

Cyclothone signata

Showy bristlemouth

Eastern Pacific: Bering Sea, British Columbia (Canada) and Gulf of Panama. Reported from Chile. Indian Ocean.

Epi- and mesopelagic species, usually in upper 800 m depth with abundance maximum in upper 100 and 400-500 m.

Max. size: 3.0 cm TL

0 - 800 m

Melamphaes suborbitalis

Ridgehead

North Atlantic: including 7 specimens recorded between about 18° and 29°N and 15° and 25°W. Southwest Pacific: New South Wales, Australia and New Zealand.

Max. size: 10.0 cm SL

500 - 1000 m

Adults occur below 500 m.

Coelophrys brevicaudata

Gadella edelmanni

Lamprogrammus brunswigi

Ophtalmomolycus macrops

Last modified 28.6.2002.